摘 要
　　
　　北欧五国是指：挪威、丹麦、冰岛、瑞典、芬兰这五个国家。五国的历史背景紧密相连，社会制度和政治制度也十分相近。19 世纪以来，随着两次女权运动的兴起，北欧五国的女性的自我意识和自我价值观得到进一步发掘，女性参政呈现出越来越强劲的势头。值得一提的是，虽然北欧五国是后起资本主义国家，女性运动的兴起时间比英国、法国、美国等国家晚，但其发展的速度却大大超过了这些国家，截止到 2015 年 12 月，北欧国家议会中女性比例为 41.1%,这一比例遥遥领先于其他地区。本论文将主要分析北欧女性参政的特色，原因及其对北欧产生的影响。目前，北欧女性以其优秀的整体素质和斐然的参政业绩受到世人瞩目。本文将主要对北欧女性参政比例高的原因进行详细的分析。从人类的演进趋势来看，女性参政符合世界发展的大趋势。
　　
　　北欧地区的女性不像南亚、东南亚地区的女性，南亚、东南亚地区的女性参政大多为女承父业型或妻继夫志型，她们需依靠强大的政治家族背景进入政坛。
　　
　　而在北欧，参政的女性多为个人开创型。经济增长与社会福利均衡发展，竞争与合作相结合，效率与公平相统一，稳定与调整相结合的“北欧模式”,为该地女性女性提供了优越参政的环境，在北欧模式之下，北欧社会政治清廉，民主化程度高，福利水平高，社会环境相对宽松，女性受教育的程度及参加经济生活的比例也比其他地区高。因此，北欧女性的从政道路基本遵循的是一种循序渐进的方式，女性大多通过基层竞选-进入政党-政治决策层面的途径参与政治。这样，基本可以保证，普通女性可以通过自己的才华和奋斗，获得选民的认可，进入政坛，释放自己的光彩。挪威首相、冰岛总统、芬兰总统都曾经由女性担任，挪威前首相布伦特夫人和冰岛前总统维·芬博阿多蒂尔都是平民之女，没有政治家族背景，但都凭借自己的实力及女权运动的东风跻身政坛，她们的参政得到了广大妇女同胞的支持，她们获得的选票大部分来自女选民。
　　
　　本论文包括四个部分：第一部分主要论述了女性参政的概念与欧洲女性参政的历史发展。本章共分为三节：第一节首先分析了政治参与的概念。第二节分析了女性参政的概念。第三节主要论述欧洲女性参政的历史发展，本节以第一次女权运动及第二次女权运动为时间点，论述了欧洲各主要资本主义国家及美国女性参政的历程。
　　
　　第二部分将论述当前北欧女性参政的现状与特色。本章分为两节：第一节主要论述了北欧女性参政的现状，现状主要是从三个方面进行论述：第一是人数比例，第二是学历层次，第三是政党中女性的参政情况。第二节对北欧女性参政的特色进行了详细的分析。主要从：北欧女性参政理念新，参与热情高；北欧女性参政效果好，参与度高；北欧女性参政执行力度大三个方面进行分析。
　　
　　第三部分主要分析了北欧女性参政比例高的原因。主要原因有：第一是北欧各国政治清廉，民主化程度高；第二是福利国家制度影响；第三是女性组织的支持；第四是社会环境相对宽松；第五是北欧女性受教育程度高，参加经济生活的比例高。
　　
　　第四部分总结了北欧女性参政对北欧的影响。首先，北欧女性参政发扬了北欧政治民主化的传统；其次，北欧女性参政有利于北欧社会的和谐；再次，北欧女性参政促进了北欧社会进步；最后，北欧女性参政有助于促进本国妇女运动的发展。
　　
　　北欧妇女的参政成就表明，女性参政是时代的潮流和社会文明进步的象征，必将对全球的和平与发展产生积极而深远的影响。放眼世界，随着国际交往的发展，国际女性参政网络的构建，将会有更多的女性走出家门，走向社会，步入政坛。
　　
　　关键词：北欧 女性参政 影响
　　
　　Abstract
　　
　　Five Nordic countries are: Norway, Denmark, Iceland, Sweden and Finland.Thehistory backgrounds of these five countries are closely linked, the social and politicalsystems are also very similar. Since 19thcentury, with the rise of the feministmovement ,the five Nordic countries' female self-awareness and self-worth haveexplored further, more and more women in politics showing strong momentum.It isworth mentioning that although the five Nordic countries are capitalist countries'newcomers and the rise time of the female movement is later than the UnitedKingdom, France, the United States and so on,the pace of the development has greatlyexceeded those countries. Till the date of December 2015, the proportion of womenin parliament of the Nordic countries was 41.1 percent which is far ahead of otherregions.This paper analyzes the main characteristics,reasons and the impacts of theNordic women in politics.Nowadays, with excellent overall quality and strikingperformance in politics,the Nordic women draw the world's attention.This article willfocus on the reasons of the high proportion of women in politics in the Nordic .Fromthe sight of human evolution , the participation of women in politics is in line with thetrend of world development.
　　
　　Unlike the women in South Asia and Southeast Asia whose powers are usuallyfrom their fathers or husbands, rely on a strong political family background toparticipate in politics,women in the Nordic region create a more personal type .Thebalanced development of economic growth and social welfare, the combination ofcompetition and cooperation,the unity of efficiency and fairness,the combination ofstabilization and adjustment（the Nordic Model） provide a superior environment forpolitical participation for the women.Under the Nordic model,the social and politicsof Nordic are honest,the degree of democratization is high,the level of welfare ishigh,the social environment is relatively relaxed, the extent of the proportion offemale education and participation in economic life is higher than otherregions.Therefore, the political path of Nordic women is a basic step by stepVIapproach,women mostly through grassroots campaign - into the political parties - thepolitical decision-making level of the pathways involved in politics.In this way, wecan guarantee the basic, ordinary women to obtain voter approval through their talentsand struggle, then to enter the political arena and release their glory.The NorwegianPrime Minister, the President of Iceland, the President of Finland were once held bywomen. Mrs. Lunt,the former Prime Minister of Norwegian and Mrs. Brent DavidFinnbogadottir ,the former President of Iceland are all ordinary women.Withoutpolitical family background only rely on their own ability and the opportunity offemale movements,they participate in politics and their politics was supported by themajority of women compatriots.Their votes are also mostly from female voters.
　　
　　There are four parts in the thesis, the first part mainly discusses the concept andthe historical development of women participate in politics. It is divided into threesection, firstly, it analyses the concept of political participation. Secondly, it analysesthe concept of women participate in politics. Thirdly, it discusses the historicaldevelopment of European women participate in politics. In the third section, with thetime node of first and second feminist movement, this thesis discusses the course ofwomen participate in politics in major capitalist countries of Europe and the UnitedStates .
　　
　　The second part of this thesis discusses the current situation and thecharacteristic of women participate in politics in the Nordic. This part is divided intotwo sections. The first section discusses the current situation of the women participatein government with three aspects, proportion, academic degree, the situation ofwomen participate in politics. In the second section, it has carried on the detailedanalysis of women participate in government in the Nordic. The analysis mainly fromthree aspects, women in the Nordic have much new ideas in politics and haveenthusiasm in the participation, women in the Nordic participate in politics with welleffects and high participation, women in the Nordic participate in politics with highenforcement.
　　
　　The third part mainly analyzes the reasons of women participate in politics withhigh proportion in the Nordic. The reasons mainly include five aspects: the politicalintegrity are widespread in the Nordic countries, and they are all with high degree ofdemocratization; the effects of welfare state system; the support of womenorganizations; the social environment relatively loose; the high education degree ofNordic female and the high proportion of economic life.
　　
　　The fourth part summarizes the influence of the women participate in politics inthe Nordic. First of all, participate in politics has carried on the tradition of politicaldemocratization. Secondly, the Nordic female participation in politics is conducive tothe social harmony. Thirdly, the Nordic female participate in politics would promotesocial progress. Finally, the Nordic female participate in politics is helpful to promotethe development of the national women movement.
　　
　　The achievements of women participate in politics in the Nordic show that it isthe the trend of the time and the symbol of social civilization. Women participate inpolitics must be effect to the peace and development all around the world and have apositive influence. See around the world, with the development of internationalcommunication, participate in politics with network would be built, and there wouldbe more women walk into the society and the politics rather than at home.
　　
　　Keywords: The Nordic Women Participate in Politics Impact


　　目 录
　　
　　中文摘要
　　
　　英文摘要
　　
　　引言
　　
　　（一） 问题的提出及研究意义
　　
　　（二） 国内外研究现状
　　
　　1. 国外研究现状综述
　　
　　2. 国内研究现状综述
　　
　　（三） 研究思路和研究方法
　　
　　（四） 本课题的创新之处
　　
　　一、 女性参政与欧洲女性参政的历史发展
　　
　　（一） 政治参与的概念
　　
　　（二） 女性参政的概念
　　
　　（三） 欧洲女性参政的历史发展
　　
　　1. 第一次女权运动
　　
　　2. 第二次女权运动
　　
　　二、 当前北欧女性参政的现状与特色
　　
　　（一） 北欧女性参政的现状
　　
　　1. 人数比例
　　
　　2. 学历层次
　　
　　3. 政党中女性的参政情况
　　
　　（二） 北欧女性参政的特色
　　
　　1. 北欧女性参政理念新，参与热情高
　　
　　2. 北欧女性参政效果好，参与度高
　　
　　3. 北欧女性参政执行力度大
　　
　　三、 北欧女性参政比例高的原因
　　
　　（一） 北欧各国政治相对清廉，民主化程度相对较高
　　
　　1. 国内社会政策的支持
　　
　　2. “最低比例制”的实施
　　
　　（二） 福利国家制度的影响
　　
　　1. 北欧的福利国家制度
　　
　　2. 福利国家制度对女性参政的影响
　　
　　（三） 女性组织的支持
　　
　　（四） 社会环境相对宽松
　　
　　（五） 北欧女性受教育程度及参加经济生活的比例相对高
　　
　　四、 北欧女性参政对北欧的影响
　　
　　（一） 政治更加民主化
　　
　　（二） 社会更加和谐
　　
　　（三） 社会更加进步
　　
　　（四） 促进本国妇女运动的发展
　　
　　（五） 不足之处
　　
　　结论
　　
　　参考文献
　　
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